Today is the day when bloggers unite to speak out about human rights. Each of us has our own focus on human rights, as this is a far-reaching subject.
Mine concerns mothers and their children.
A mother and her child together are one of the most vulnerable families in society. Vulnerable, that is, because in some patriarchal and woman-hating cultures, they are rendered without protection from external forces that work to separate them. In patriarchal nations, a mother is often only certain that she will be able to keep her baby if (1) She is married and thus financially/socially protected by a man, or (2) She has sufficient financial status in the employment market such that she can independently support her baby herself (Note how no-one complains about middle-aged single women adopting, but a young single mother having a baby is often vilified and stigmatized).
Is this sexist? Definitely! Two people of opposite sex make love. The man can walk away from his responsibility for any resulting child. The woman cannot. She must deal with the consequences in a directly personal way and in such a way that social sanctions limit not only her options, but stigmatize her into solutions that society either provides or withholds from her. A baby may be part of her body for nine months, and that experience is one she can never walk away from.
"Making the decision to have a child - it's momentous. It is to decide forever to have your heart walking around outside your body." - Elizabeth Stone
Male sexuality and female sexuality are treated differently. As Ellison (2003) notes:
Until there was an infectious disease model in the AIDS pandemic, male sexual activity had provoked little public controversy. Communities... have neither built nor filled paternity homes with single fathers to undergo moral or psychological cleansing before being returned to society as marriageable. Male illegitimate fertility has not been the focus of heated political controversy, moral recriminations, reproductive legislation, or institutionalization (p. 338)
Women's sexuality, and women's fertility, is still seen as a threat to be controlled, distributed as "wealth" to "deserving men," or supported only as far as it benefits the economy or politically-motivated population growth.
How do human rights factor into this? Well, in 1948, the United Nations (including the U.S. and Canada), passed the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In effect, these signatory nations promised the rights contained in this document to all their citizens. And this documents forms the basis, the foundation, of ethical human behavior.
Article 2 states, "Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status."
This means that women should not be treated less respectfully than men, that the rights contained are applicable to all. Why? Because we are ALL human beings, not dogs, goats or amoebae. It also means that women should be able to keep their children WITHOUT legally belonging to a man, that legal marriage should not be required to "legitimize" a woman fulfilling the natural function of her body: giving birth to her child.
Article 16 states: "The family is the natural and fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and the State." A mother and her child together is a family. There can be no doubt, and no argument, about this. They thus have the right to protection by society and the state.
But perhaps most explicit is
Article 25, which states "(1) Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 2) Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection."
This, agreed to in 1948, protects mothers and their infants! No mother should be forced by poverty, coercion, or social pressure to surrender her baby for adoption. Every mother has the RIGHT to protection and social support such that this horrible
disembabyment, this
lifelong trauma, this systemic violence, is not inflicted upon her:
"Adoption is a violent act, a political act of aggression towards a woman who has supposedly offended the sexual mores by committing the unforgivable act of not suppressing her sexuality, and therefore not keeping it for trading purposes through traditional marriage. The crime is a grave one, for she threatens the very fabric of our society. The penalty is severe. She is stripped of her child by a variety of subtle and not so subtle manoeuvres and then brutally abandoned." - Joss Shawyer, Death by Adoption, (1979)
“Almost everyone believes that on some level, [mothers] made a choice to give their babies away. Here, I argue that adoption is rarely about mothers’ choices; it is, instead, about the abject choicelessness of some resourceless women.” (Solinger, 2001).
Let us protect ALL mothers from the violence and trauma of losing an infant to adoption. It is clear that if the
basic human rights of ALL mothers were respected, protected, and codified into the laws of each nation, that fewer families would be dismembered, fewer mothers would be forced to surrender their beloved infants, and the world would be a far more ethical and safe place for mothers who are giving birth -- mothers left vulnerable to the predacious and profit-driven
adoption industry because
their human rights have been violated. References:
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- "Elizabeth Stone Quotes" at http://thinkexist.com/quotes/elizabeth_stone/
- Ellison, M. (2003). "Authoritative knowledge and single women's unintentional pregnancies, abortions, adoption, and single motherhood: Social stigma and structural violence." Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 17(3), 322-347
- Shawyer, J. (1979). Death by Adoption. Circada Press.
- Solinger, R. (2001). Beggars and choosers - How the politics of choice shapes adoption, abortion, and welfare in the United States. New York: Hill & Wang.